Anaïs Ligot

By its Decision no. 2026-1210 QPC of 25 June 2026 (Société Orange SA), the French Constitutional Council (Conseil constitutionnel) held that the sixth, eighth and penultimate paragraphs of Article L. 34-5 of the French Postal...more Banks, insurers and financial intermediaries are not newcomers to algorithmic decision making. Credit scoring models have been in production for decades, and actuarial pricing has long relied on statistical inference. The EU...more The French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) released guidance on April 14, 2026 on the use of invisible tracking pixels in electronic mail. The guidance adapts to pixels a strict interpretation of cookie consent rules and...more On 12 June 2025, the French data protection authority (CNIL) launched a public consultation on a draft recommendation regarding the use of tracking pixels in emails. This recommendation roughly assimilates pixels and any...more