Frédéric Louis

Last month, the European Union’s revised Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation (TTBER) and accompanying Guidelines came into force, replacing the previous 2014 framework. ...more Under the European Union’s (EU) Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR), which took effect on 12 July 2023, the European Commission (Commission) may require US and other non-EU companies that have received subsidies from non-EU...more The European Union (‘EU’) is witnessing a marked rise in private enforcement of competition law. Cartel damages actions in the EU have seen an eightfold cumulative growth over the past decade. Directive 2014/104 (‘Damages...more The European Union’s Digital Markets Act’s (DMA) stated aim is to complement European Union competition rules to ensure contestable and fair markets in the digital sector by imposing specific obligations on “gatekeepers”. ...more