Joan Bilsland

Canadian common law has long considered deposits in real estate transactions to be in a special class, treated distinctly from penalty clauses in other contracts. Deposits are generally deemed to be a partial pre-payment that...more A claim is "discovered" (and therefore the statutory limitation period ordinarily begins to run) when a plaintiff has actual or constructive knowledge of the material facts upon which a plausible inference of liability on the...more This booklet is intended as a basic guide to host liability, which is the potential for personal and corporate liability for injuries sustained by employees, clients and other persons as a result of alcohol intoxication. This...more Privilege provides special protection that exempts certain documents and other forms of communication from having to be disclosed in legal proceedings. Its protection is powerful, but it can be easily lost if the privileged...more